Relação entre pluviosidade efetiva e estoque de matéria orgânica de superfície na ciclagem de nutrientes em floresta ombrófila urbana: Parque Nacional da Tijuca - RJ

Abstract

The organic matter stocks surface refers to any organic material in decomposition or decomposed superimposed on mineral soil, and the mixed organic material to the mineral particles of the horizon A. This serves as an indicator of the functionality and integrity of forest ecosystems when analyzed from the perspective of "Humus Forms." In this perspective the organic material presents as layered internal ranging in weight and thickness according to the activities of agents decomposers local and express nutrient cycling that occurs from the two main processes that synthesize and / or modulate the functioning of ecosystems, production and decomposition of organic matter. The model forms humus follows a classification developed in Europe that does not apply perfectly to tropical areas by high environmental variability. It is estimated that local and particular factors as soil characteristics, vegetation structure and composition, topography and microclimate can distort this classification and differ significantly from the global model.This study sought to refine this model, seeking to understand how the effective rainfall (rain crossing the canopy and reaches the ground), as a phenomenon of nature microclimate, relates to the stock of organic matter from the surface (from the perspective forms of humus) in an environment of urban mountainous rainforest.For such analyzes were performed on the physical stock of organic matter from the surface, the effective monitoring of rainfall with rain gauges experimental adapted to this demand and chemical analyzes of rain water after leaching of organic matter. Has assembled a structure composed of fifteen experimental gauges on a forested hill in the Tijuca National Park (Rio de Janeiro - RJ) and installation of electronic gauges in environments of open areas adjacent to slopes belonging to this area of ??the park.The results indicate that the rain that falls in the forest, about 15% is intercepted by the canopy and the remaining portion is intercepted by soil organic matter. The MFB layer (or H) is that retains more water, indicating that forests that the decomposition is faster in the process of fragmentation and slow mineralization have more water retained in the stock of organic matter. The different layers will feed the soil differently when this process is derived from the leaching, as the calcium that is released in the greatest quantity by the layers more fragmented as F and MFB, potassium and magnesium are derived from more readily available when the layer L, during this process indicates that these nutrients are consumed more than released. It was noticeable that sodium is quite abundant in the rain before reaching the organic matter, confirming previous studies. The use of this proposed system gauges experimental possible to understand how this internal stratification of the stock of organic matter accumulated water surface, as the traditional methods are not based on the type of humus forms, and possible further analysis of the the leaching process and release nutrients to the soil.