O lugar do saber-fazer dos pescadores artesanais e a institucionalidade da atividade pesqueira: uma análise sobre as artes de pesca artesanal e o fenômeno técnico na produção social do espaço da Baía de Sepetiba (RJ)

Abstract

The dissertation addresses the spatiality of artisanal fishermen of Pedra de Guaratiba (neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro) on a set of rules governing fishing activities in Sepetiba Bay. Thus, the general objective of the work is the understanding of how artisanal fishermen of this neighborhood seize the space of the Sepetiba Bay, making use of their techniques between know-how and the norms of the fishing order. The specific objectives: the deepening of the know-how of the artisanal fishermen of Sepetiba Bay and their links with the places of these subjects; the study of the trajectories and experiences of the artisanal fishermen in the daily relation with the technical phenomenon and the urban modernity; understand the repercussions of fisheries management, as well as the role of state agents - CEPSUL, IBAMA and the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture - in the use of artisanal fishermen's technique in everyday life. The methodology of the work had a total of twelve fieldwork in Pedra de Guaratiba, from April 2016 to May 2018, to conduct interviews and observation of the fisheries on the Sepetiba Bay. Data on the fisheries at the entrance to the bay were generated through interviews and the methodology of the cartography of the action, in which the fishermen pointed out in satellite images of the area the meanings of several places of the bay. Fishery management data were collected in interviews carried out at CEPSUL / ICMBIO, at the state superintendence of SEAP and at the Federal Public Ministry of Rio de Janeiro. It was verified that the spatiality of the artisanal fishermen is constituted by a set of daily trajectories in the city and in the Bay of Sepetiba. The spatiality is an important factor in building know-how, since the appropriation of space these subjects reproduce the knowledge passed down for generations and shared in solidarity relationships woven in place and the rediscovery of nature. The place, meanwhile, at the same time as it acquires meanings for the fishermen due to the encounter of knowledge (knowledge of different generations, knowledge of workers of diverse activities) is the locus of the norms of the fishing order, being placed between the space practices of the subjects and the strategic planning of the State. Thus, the existence of artisanal fishermen, concretized in the space practices, is permeated by the solidarities and the conflicts that these subjects experience daily in the place.