Panorama da aplicação de práticas de conservação de solo e água nos Projetos de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais hídricos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

In an effort to improve the efficiency of water resources management in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this study investigates the main interventions related to soil and water conservation practices within the Water Environmental Services Payment (PES) projects. The first such project in Brazil took place in the municipality of Extrema, MG in the year of 2006. The first project in Rio de Janeiro began at 2007 at the Lakes Region named Socio-Environmental Practices Fund in Micro watershed (FUNBOAS). Since then, six other projects have been implemented in almost all hydrographic regions of the state: Water and Forest Producers (PAF); PRO-PSA Guandu; Water PES Program of CEIVAP; PES project of Watershed Macaé River; Rio das Flores Program inside the municipality of Valença and Águas do Rio Program inside the municipality of Miguel Pereira. The practices of soil and water conservation were the interventions performed into water influence areas, on the state s rural zones. The research advanced with a critical exploratory approach through the case study of each project. Each case has been described and characterized by topics, such as: project history; the operationalization of PES; conservation practices and results. The practices conservationists were classified: mechanical, edaphic and vegetative. Some cases, a fourth group of practices was observed, the sanitation practices, which, although do not compose, the strict agronomic sense, soil and water conservation practices, realizes strong influence on water availability. The universe of the surveyed projects vegetative practices were the most executed interventions, followed by the edaphic and sanitation practices. Mechanical practices did not have actions identified inside any project; they only appeared on the inducing program of the National Water Agency (ANA) called Water Producer. From the project structures and conservation actions analyzes, was possible to trace potentials and limitations of this set, highlighting issues, such as: water PES models, skilled labor, condition of the rural producer and his property, need for new practices and processes, among others. Generally, the projects advocate more harmonious interaction of rural practices and the environment, promoting the regions resilience. Despite need some adjustments, the actions implanted indicate a possibility of achieving better water conditions for this areas