Possíveis fatores de risco para reabsorção radicular apical externa após tratamento ortodôntico

Abstract

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a condition that permanently reduce the size of dental root and it is found with a relative frequency after orthodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible factors associated with the occurrence of EARR in patients submitted to orthodontic treatment (gender, age, race, root morphology and length, characteristics of malocclusion, duration and type of orthodontic treatment). Periapical radiographs of 2173 upper lateral and central incisors were selected from 564 patients in retention period treated with fixed appliance at three brazilian centers (UERJ, PUC Minas and UFMG). Measurements were performed by 2 examiners and were considered resorbed teeth with EARR greater than 2 mm at the end of treatment. The kappa test was performed to evaluate intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. The association between EARR and the factors evaluated was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were reported. It was observed that lateral incisors were more prone to EARR greater than 2 mm (OR = 1,54; p = < 0,001), as well as increased overjet (OR = 1,58; p = 0,012), treatment with extractions (OR = 1,70; p = 0,004), dilacerated root (OR = 2,26; p = < 0,001) and longer roots (OR = 1,29; p = < 0,001). Treatment performed in 2 phases was less prone to EARR (OR = 0,59; p = 0,037), as well as increased overbite (OR = 0,67; p = 0,039). Therefore, root morphology and factors evaluated in this study related to the amount of root displacement were risk factors for EARR after orthodontic treatment