Uma abordagem integrativa do conceito de Eco-eficiência: elementos para a concepção de Sistemas de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais em Arranjos Produtivos Locais Têxtil-Vestuário

Abstract

The socio-environmental and socio-ecological potential and vulnerabilities, considering the multiple realities of ecosystems, territories and places, could reveal new pathways, collective and solidary actions, and assist strategic decision making in solid waste management systems. Such perspective would qualify principles, concepts, techniques and methodologies issues, as those targeted to respond to problems arising from the interaction Mankind- Society- Nature, with a view to sustainability. Eco-efficiency, at the end of the twentieth century, presented as a solution for corporate environmental problems. Designed to be applied in a single company has evolved into a central category of Industrial Ecology, takes shape of Principle and Philosophy for Corporate Environmental Management, guiding the geopolitics of nations in dealing with environmental issues. The recent Solid Waste National Policy presents the Ecoefficiency as one of its guiding principles for public and private managers in developing their solid waste management. These management systems have interfaces with another public policies and management systems. These interactions make the solid waste management a complex , open, dynamic and inclusive system, in which the concept of Eco-efficiency, based on the allocation of natural resources, can be reframed in another level of reality, the collective level , presenting itself as a concept potential towards the "creation of resources." This research presents an integrative approach, based on thinking and methodology Transdisciplinary, in which the concept is contextualized, problematized and became complex in six levels of reality: Genus- Global; Political; Academic; Ecosystems, territories and places; Operational; and Collective level. It is considered in this approach Productive Arrangements (industries and Recycling chains), Social Arrangements (Community in risk and precarious area), Ecosystems and Territories, as a Web of Places, as a perceptive, cognitive and analytical Transdisciplinary Unit. The application of this methodology in the Local Productive Arrangement Textile-Clothing, located in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, in a Mountain Ecosystem, revealed another arrangement, invisible to the public management system. In this Flaps and Rags Arrangement, about 240 women living in risk and precarious communities, benefit the solid waste generated by the industries of the formal arrangement, known as flaps, and manufacture rags. It is concluded that this integrative approach, as proposed, reframed the concept of Eco-efficiency, revealed, not only a new conceptual reality for their adoption and practice, but also new aspects and variables to build industrial solid wastes management systems which have their focus on social, productive, scientific and technological inclusion of new actors and resources.