Avaliação do impacto radiológico atmosférico de uma unidade de mineração e beneficiamento de urânio

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the atmospheric radiological impact of the Uranium Concentration Unit - URA, Caetité, BA, by modeling the dispersion of radionuclides and estimating the annual effective dose (in mSv.year-1). For this purpose, we used the MILDOS-AREA program that was developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) jointly with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) specifically to evaluate the atmospheric radiological impact of uranium mining and processing facilities. Taking into account estimative of particulate radionuclide concentration and radon flux measurements performed in the main source-terms of URA (open pit, heap leaching and tailing deposit), we estimated the increase of annual effective dose for three hypothetical critical groups and eight population groups. In addition, we evaluated results of radon activity concentration and kerma rate concentration in air reported in the pre-operational environmental monitoring program (PMAPO) and in the operational environmental monitoring programs (PMAO) from URA. The estimated annual effective dose to the hypothetical critical groups ranged from 1,78E-02 a 2,10E-02 mSv.year-1. For real populations, effective doses ranged from 7,49E-05 to 1,56E-02 mSv.year-1. The largest contribution to the total dose was due to inhalation of radon, accounting for almost the entire estimated annual effective dose. The average radon activity concentration in the vicinity of the URA was 137.21 Bq m-3 and there was no apparent difference between the radon concentrations reported in the pre-operational environmental monitoring program (background values) and post-operational. The average values of kerma rate in air surrounding the URA were 0.136 μGy h-1. However, for all the monitoring points, the values reported in operational environmental monitoring program were lower than the values reported in pre-operational environmental monitoring program (background), suggesting measurements or data collection problems during the pre-operational program. The miner industry used in their final report of safety analysis (RFAS), a proper dispersion model simulation, called Environmental Impact Radiological (IAR7). A comparison between the MILDOS-AREA and the IAR7 using the same input parameters in IAR7 suggested that IAR7 underestimated the radon concentrations in the air to the hypothetical critical groups. In conclusion, MILDOS-AREA simulation showed that the estimated effective doses for the hypothetical critical groups are less than 0.3 mSv.year-1, which is the operational dose limit to the public established by the National Nuclear Energy Commission. It is recommended that the MILDOS-AREA code should be used in Brazil, considering that it is a validated code and already used in other countries to assess atmospheric radiological impact on mining and uranium processing facilities