Gestão de unidades de conservação no município do Rio de Janeiro: realidade e limites do pacto federativo

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the challenges of the management of Conservation Units (CU) in the city of Rio de Janeiro in order to show the reality and limits of the federative pact and how this arrangement is reflected in the territory. It will have as pre question how the brazilian federalism can influence in the creation of public environmental policies of the spheres of government, in particular, in the policy of Conservation Units and what are the consequences of this arrangement for the governance of the Units that are under the tutelage of the municipality of Rio of January. In recent years, actions of unconstitutionality have been multiplied against the enactment of municipal laws that sought to protect the local environment by interfering with the actions and treatment of such issues. This legal competition between entities causes inconsistencies throughout the cycle of environmental public policies making it difficult to apply the Law and generating a series of socioenvironmental problems in the territories. These findings are aggravated when the protected area is located in a territory with great population density disputing space with the natural environments affecting intensely the environmental quality of the region. Using as methodological strategies the documentary survey of primary and secondary sources for theoretical background supplemented by journalistic material that could bring more recent information on the main problems occurring in the Conservation Units under guardianship of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. It was also used a temporal cut between the years 20002016, evidencing, first of all, that there is limited scientific production on most of the CU under the authority of the municipality, that there is concurrent competence among the entities, reducing the possibilities of the performance of the municipality in the edition of the environmental laws, as well as the limits of this action in front of the existence of the state and national legislation. There was a range of problems and obstacles arising from the limits of the management of CU, such as those related to the implementation of their management plans; land issues, land use and irregular occupations; violence and surveillance; visitation and tourism; deforestation, and biopiracy. It is proposed that legislators, civil society and public administrators articulate and create conditions to provide more effective environmental management, acting in the resolution of problems and that the research contributes to the expansion of knowledge and discussion on the implementation of socio-environmental policies in the country.