Políticas sociais e direito à saúde: contribuições teóricas para a análise desta relação

Abstract

This Master s Thesis intends to describe and systematize analytical categories that contribute to analysis of economic, political and social relations that sustain how Brazil and the State and Public Policies are historically formed, with special attention to the health field. Its objective consisted in observing new strategies used by the State to perform actions in the health filed, as in social projects. We took the method of dialectical historical materialism as the theoretical framework, with particular attention to categories of philosophy of praxis - praxis, totality, historicity and contradiction - and the Marxist theory of the capitalist state formation and its historical transformations, with an emphasis on theory about expanded state and the role of civil society in the dispute for hegemony between classes. In the second chapter, we address the contemporary organization of the Brazilian State, willing to discuss political and economic choices, its implications for the organization of workers and the correlation of forces in the class struggle. We did a brief historical survey on economic and social models of development in contemporary societies, with attention to the consolidation of neoliberal ideas, its conceptualization, the adjustments from the late 1990s and its relationship to the developmental ideology. We dedicate the third chapter to the concept of social capital to understand the current way of development of public policies, particularly health policies. From this concept, we sought to understand the current relationship between the state and civil society and how it influences the changes the state and social policies have experienced. We approached the Brazilian State development of public policies in the social area until its resignation to neoliberalism; health concepts disputes in the Brazilian society, focusing on the broader concept of health and social determinants of health; and how these concepts are impacted by changes in the context of neoliberalism. Finally, it was possible to observe how the neoliberal guidelines changed significantly the organization and state action, the design and implementation of public and health policies and its main ideas. Changes that increasingly led the state action in favor of the interests of capital.