Por uma teoria crítica periférica: crise, colapso e constelações no projeto da modernidade

Abstract

This thesis aims to propose a peripheral view within the so-called critical theory of society, or Frankfurt School, as it is known. I understand that the historical dynamics of capitalism from the outbreak of the structural crisis of the 1970s, through the establishment of the global crisis in 1991 and the great crisis of 2008, is marked by a self-destructive social regression, progressive on a large scale. This means to say that the vision of the first Frankfurtian generation, especially those common to Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse, which consisted in analyzing the society of the twentieth century, reflecting on the processes of barbarity, once again has great explanatory power, after the favorable conjuncture of the Thirty Glorious Years (1945-1975). In addition to this return of the plausibility of the first Frankfurtian generation view, I understand that observing capitalism from a perspective gestated on the periphery means an analytical gain insofar as the peripheral countries, like Brazil, has never experienced something like the arrangement of the post-war Welfare State, as experienced in the United States and Europe. We ended up producing a peripheral critic tradition attentive to the processes of social barbarism, even when gestated in the center read, mainly, Germany, United States and France has abandoned this more radical view. Therefore, to put forward this more general proposition, I divided this thesis into the following chapters: In the first one, called Critic, totality and constellations: construction of a dialectical thought, I seek to expose the key concepts of the reflections I will put forward throughout the thesis; in the second chapter, entitled Critics of totality: thinking in times of systemic crisis, I seek to affirm the importance of the crisis theory to a radical critical analysis of the present time; in the third chapter, entitled Constelar totality: for a peripheral critical theory, I aim to present the Brazilian tradition of through some names which I have more theoretical-political affinity (They are: Caio Prado Jr., Antonio Candido, Roberto Schwarz, Francisco de Oliveira, Paulo Arantes, Marildo Menegat, and an excursion dedicated to Jorge Coelho Soares and Stefan Gandler); and the fourth chapter, called Critics of constellations: discontent in peripheral civilization, necropolitics and Zapatist echoes, where I try to release some objects of analysis of a peripheral critical theory of Brazilian present times. All those chapters seek to take into account, from a critical point of view of the periphery , the dynamics of crisis, collapse and constellations at the heart of the project of modernity. That is, I seek to point out, at the same time, historical regressive ample movements and possibilities of rupture with the concrete capitalist totality