Para uma sociologia das visões de mundo: esboço de uma teoria praxiológica da cultura

Abstract

This dissertation is configured by inserting the sociological approach of knowledge and culture in the praxiology, and the incorporation of the theory of the practice in sociology of knowledge and culture. The inclusion of this debate presented here within these sociological subfields arises from the efforts to conciliate some of its main contributions that, in our point of view, can lead us to a better understanding of the individual way of seeing, interpreting and acting in social life. For this, the issue of the individual perception about social world and the process of acquisition of dispositions which are driving the constitutions of practices are perceived as two faces of the same coin: it s the process of social production of life's meaning in society. Thus, the different sociological perspectives which we argue and embrace here are realized as important contributions to this goal: they are taken as required resources for building the basis from which the problem of meaning of social world can be brought out as a product of a continuous struggle among carried groups of distinguished conceptions of the reality. Therefore, we point up in this dissertation the theoretical and methodological mandatory foundations for a grounding of sociology of worldviews. For this, in one hand, we require the theoretical contributions from sociology of culture and knowledge purposed by Karl Mannheim and, in other hand, we also request the praxiology drawn up by Pierre Bourdieu, trying, respectively, take the culture as a space to objectification of worldviews and as a support to understand the settle of a spontaneous relationship between individuals and the social conditions of life in which they are living. Even narrowing ourselves to a theoretical debate, our intention is to understand the worldview of a real actor, who lives in a given culture and in given society, taken for granted his thinking style as an explanatory means of the logic of his taken position in social interaction situations. Thereby, this dissertation should be read as a theoretical prologue pointing to future empirical researches on contemporary conflicts between groups and individuals with distinct worldviews which are distinguished one another, in which a draft of a conceptual frame are required to support a praxiology of the culture whose condition of possibility presents itself at the crossroads between theory and empirics. This is the aim of the work carried out.