Caracterização de compostos aromáticos em gasolina comercial

Abstract

The air contamination and the environment by fuels derived from crude oil has been object of increasing research in Brazil. Amongst the types of pollution to the environment, the atmospheric pollution is the one that cause more discomfort to the population. This exerts effects on the human health, causing since simple irritations until lung cancer. Among the most dangerous pollutants found in these environments are prominences the aliphatic hydro carbons and monoaromatic hydrocarbons compounds as benzene, toluene and xylems (BTX), present in these fuels that are extremely toxic to the human health. To control these volatile organic compounds, is necessary to quantify and to compare them with the tolerance limits value legislated in Brazil. The gas chromatography and infra-red ray spectroscopy techniques utilization allows realizing easily and fast these tasks. Therefore the objective of this work was to present the type C gasoline samples chemical composition commercialized on the gas station of the metropolitan region on Rio de Janeiro state. Had been made quantitative analyses for the main chemical groups (paraffins, olefins, naphthenics and aromatics) and ethanol by high resolution Gas Chromatography and the composition for benzene, toluene and xylem (BTX), by infra-red ray absorption technique. The results had been compared with the limits given by ANP specification (Portaria nº 309) for the gasoline quality, with the objective to verify if they are in compliance with this regulatory agent. The results had shown that all amount founded for aromatics and olefinics had been below of the specified limit. Some gas station had presented amount for benzene above of the specified limit, indicating that ANP need to take some actions toward these gas station, mainly for the benzene toxicity action