Ancestralidade genômica matrilinear de indivíduos das regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

The ethnic characteristics of the Brazilian population reflect four centuries of history that marked the process of settlement during the colonial period, which involved the interrelationship of indigenous natives, European colonizers and African slaves. The objective of this study was to characterize the maternal lineages of the regional complexes of the Midwest, North and Northeast of the country based on the complete analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Samples from 413 individuals unrelated were included, predominantly male gender, born in the four states of Midwest, in the sex states of North and in seven states of Northeast region. The genetic diversity analyzes at intrapopulation level showed 149 different haplotypes in the Midwest region, 141 in the North region and 93 in the Northeast region, in a total of 159, 154 and 100 haplotypes from each region, respectively. A high haplotype diversity was observed in the Midwest region (0.9990 ± 0.0009) and in the North and Northwest regions the indexes were proportionally similar (0.9985 +/- 0.0010 e 0.9984 ± 0.0018). The relatively proportions of the maternal lineages based in the haplogroups determination was 62.99% of Amerindian, 32.47% of African and 4.54% of European in the North region; 47.17% of Amerindian, 32.85% of African and 16.98% of European in the Midwest region and; 39% of Amerindian, 44% of African and 17% of European in the Northeast region. These data are in concordance with the historical context of Brazil s colonization and with how the settlement process occurred within the past five centuries. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between the Northeast region and both the Midwest and North regions, as well as with the Southeast region population. The population from Santa Catarina presented a high differentiation index in the comparison with all populations analyzed, in consonance with the migratory influences of Europeans that marked the southern region of the country at the time of the settlement process. A database of 383 haplotypes was created for the North, Northeast and Central West regions of Brazil, which may contribute to the expansion of already existing data of the mitochondrial lineages of South American peoples.