Estudo da virulência, adesão e características fenotípicas de isolados do complexo Sporothrix

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a chronic and infectious disease that involves the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, which can affect humans and animals. This mycosis has always been attributed to a single pathogen, the Sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic fungus, that grows as yeast at 37 º C and as mycelia at room temperature. However, in recent years, some isolates identified as S. schenckii showed considerable genetic variability, suggesting that this taxon consists of a complex of species. This disease is caused by the traumatic inoculation of the fungal pathogen, however, the molecules involved in the invasion and dissemination of this microorganism are still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to identify surface molecules involved in the interaction of this fungus with extracellular matrix proteins and to examine phenotypic differences between species in the Sporothrix complex. Five isolates were used throughout this study, three clinical isolates, an environmental and one cat isolate. The virulence of each isolate was compared to the adhesive capacity to fibronectin. We observed that the most virulent isolates exhibited the higher capacity to interact with fibronectin. The expression of adhesins for fibronectin on the surface of each isolate was verified by Western blot. This analysis showed that the most virulent isolates expressed more fibronectin adhesins than the avirulent ones. Positive bands for the monoclonal antibody raised against gp70 adhesin (mAb P6E7) were revealed in cell wall extracts of the isolates studied. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of fibronectin and mAb P6E7 on the yeast cell surface. Molecular analysis showed genotypic differences between isolates used in this study, that can cluster than them into two species, S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis. This phylogenetic analysis revealed that the avirulent isolate was S. brasiliensis and not S. schenckii as previously thought. This new data led us to determine whether the virulence and phenotypic characteristics were related to genotype. The virulence analysis showed that another S. brasiliensis isolate was as virulent as the S. schenckii isolates. Moreover, morphological characteristics, such as, size, shape and growth profile of mycelial and yeast were also evaluated. However, no connection was observed between cell morphology with the speciation of the genus Sporothrix. The cell wall expression of gp70 was evaluated in the twou species. We observed that the virulent isolate of S. brasiliensis almost do not express gp70 in contrast with the avirulent isolate of the same specie. This study shows that there is a direct correlation between virulence and adhesins expression, however, no relationship between genotype and phenotypic characteristics was observed.