Mutagênese ambiental: estabelecimento de valores de referência para manguezais da Baía de Ilha Grande

Abstract

Environmental studies have shown that substances generated by anthropogenic processes can cause adverse effects by interfering with the ecosystem natural balance. Mangroves perform essential functions in biological cycles and are Permanent Protection Area in Brazil. Unfortunately, they are being degraded above its support limit, leading to a reduction of the remaining areas in the world. This paper presents the results of mutagenicity and genotoxicity observed in four samples (PI, V, O, and PII) between years 2009 and 2010 linked to metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediment in order to characterize reference values. The genotoxicity tests were made from the hemocytes Goniopsis cruentata collected in a potential unpolluted ecosystem of Brazil, located in the southern Rio de Janeiro (Parati/RJ), called "Saco do Mamanguá . Collection, storage, manipulation of sediment and biological material from five sampling sites (M1-M5) were processed according to U.S. standards recognized. The identification of the chemicals was performed with extracts of sediments and bioassay used in the Salmonella / microsome (Kado). The assessment of potential genotoxic damage were done down through the Micronucleus Test, and showed significant values in the sample V. Negative results were observed for the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102, both in the absence or presence of exogenous fraction of mammalian metabolism (S9 mix 4%) for all analysis. Quantification by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the 16 priority PAHs in terms of environmental conservation, presented low values in the first two samples (V and PI) and null value in the following collections (and the IIP), in the same points. According to United States and Canada references, we detected chemicals not regarded as a positive environmental toxicants, with the exception of benzo(a)pyrene, which showed values in M1V just above the threshold at which already small effects can be observed in the biota. The analysis of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry initially performed with the pore water was best interpreted from the sediment matrix. This study will contribute to the implementation of indicators to benchmarks in the swamp.