Análise de marcadores moleculares do DNA mitocondrial em anuros da Mata Atlântica

Abstract

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest focuses one of the greatest biological diversity of the Earth with about 7% of the planet's animal and plant species. This biome is currently home to more than 50% of anurans species from Brazil (c.a. 500 species), but it suffers severe loss and fragmentation of habitat. One of the main fragments of the Atlantic Forest, the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) houses a wide anuran fauna, with about 71 species had already described. It is believed, however, that lots of them still need to be identified and studied. The identification of these species based on molecular characters has proven to be an alternative to support a morphological identification, and in this context the mitochondrial DNA genes, such as 16S are used to perform barcode. The goal of this study was to test the methodology for molecular identification (DNA barcode) in anurans of REGUA community using 16S mitochondrial gene. For this, tissues of 99 individuals, including adults and tadpoles of 23 species, grouped into six different families were collected. Of these 99 individuals, 88 were amplified correctly to the reference gene and were successful determination of 84 species of anurans (95.45%) of the REGUA. Scinax albicans, Scinax flavoguttatus and Hylodes charadranaetes species whose identifications had been determined based on morphological criteria, grouped into clades of the same gender, but different species when analyzed by methodologies neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood. In addition to high intraspecific distances (2,18%, 3,49% and 3,77% respectively) and interspecific distances to nil (0%), we have an indication of possible mistakes of species determinations made by a morphological criterion. In this case, the morphological and molecular disagreements are exclusively on tadpoles, demonstrating the difficulty of morphological identification and the shortage of identification of these species larval stage. The results show that the 16S mitochondrial gene had its use in identifying the anurans REGUA confirmed and indicate that the case studies with individuals in larval stages, as in tadpoles , the methodology of the barcode when complemented morphological identification, supports the correct identification of species of anurans amphibians .