Alagamentos no bairro de Santa Cruz: uma contribuição à drenagem urbana carioca

Abstract

Increasingly, urban water basins have undergone alterations, rectification and canalization to accompany the process, especially in the twentieth century, of urbanization that impacts and promotes disastrous consequences for society. This process unleashed an undisciplined use of space and also pushed low-income populations into the more peripheral areas and / or devoid of an urban infrastructure apparatus. In Santa Cruz, municipality of Rio de Janeiro, housing complexes, subdivisions, and irregular occupations tend to develop outside the scope of state control. From the above, this dissertation aims to analyze the floods in the Santa Cruz neighborhood, using as a case study to deepen the problems in the São Fernando Housing Complex, and its specific objectives are to identify if the conditions ( anthropic and physical) have been involved in the flooding, to evaluate if the local morphology exerts influence in the water concentration and to investigate if the measures adopted to mitigate the floods fulfill their objective. For this purpose, the physical characterization of the study area through geological, geomorphological and pedological surveys, based on EMBRAPA and CPRM, as well as on the water levels (register of the dwellers) and possession of the topography, obtained through the basis of IPP. The use of the Surfer 8.0 software that interpolates the values of different points (x, y and z), that is, the UTM coordinates, altimetry and water levels, has proved useful for signaling flow direction, water levels, hypsometry and equipotential of total loads. In this way, physical (geological, geomorphological and pedological) characteristics did not influence and / or influence flood records, but revealed the vulnerability of the environment to urban sprawl, requiring measures that overcome physical conditions. The population potentiates the process, as it disposes of the municipal waste in a wrong way, seeding the local drainage. The models show the concentration of water in the lower altimetric heights. The construction of the housing complex near the operational levels of the São Fernando Canal is the core of the discussion, since drainage is influenced by this characteristic. The corrective measures adopted (drainage galleries, pumping reservoir that works as a lifting station and sewage treatment plant) mitigated the damage, since after its installation (in the year of 2013) the registries reduced significantly, but created a relation of because if hydraulic interventions fail the possibility of generating new cases are predicted.