O primeiro governo Vargas (1930-1945) e o ensino de Geografia: os livros didáticos e a construção nacional

Abstract

In Brazil, institutional geography was strengthened from the 1930s, precisely coinciding with the public policies of the first government of then President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (1930-1945). Such actions were not unreasonable, since the consolidation of the National State was in vogue and, as already studied by some authors, Geography had and still has strategic knowledge for such consolidation. In addition, despite the fact that the school discipline Geography has been present in school curricula for more than a century, it is from the 1930s that Brazilian education started to be configured as a national education system and also as a powerful means of spreading ideologies. that could contribute to government propaganda. In this context, textbooks were presented as the propitious means of spreading the idea of national construction through the formal process of education. For this reason, we highlight the didactic works of two renowned authors: Carlos Miguel Delgado de Carvalho and Aroldo de Azevedo. This choice was due to the influence that both had in the institutional, editorial and school scenario, in addition to the great influence of the Rio-São Paulo axis on the production and commercialization of school manuals for the whole of Brazil. For this, we carry out research in archives looking for primary sources, as well as we rely on authors who already have contributions to the field of History of Geography.