O ser-Para-si e o ser-Para-outro: descrições para uma fenomenologia do olhar no jovem Sartre

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the phenomenological-existential experience of the other and the look in light of the intentional consciousness, from the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre’s Being and nothingness. To do so – as it is a philosophy of intentional consciousness – we will need to emphasize some central concepts of this philosophy, such as intentionality, world, negativity, temporality, action and situation. Our dissertation investigates how human reality – one of the key notions of Sartrean thought – is what the author calls being-For-itself-For-others, and the other is fundamental for us to think the constitution of this reality. Our work, thus, seeks to draw attention of current interpretations, which tend to isolate Sartrean subjectivity in Cartesian cogito’s ontological loneliness. Describing the ways how human reality is in the world and through Sartre’s phenomenology of the look, we will demonstrate the impossibility of consciousness to close itself in solipsism and its fundamental opening to the other.