Para a crítica da ecologização do capital

Abstract

The thesis analyzes the ecological crisis and the ways of overcoming it by capital, having as an analytical reference the ontological criticism based on the work of Marx, which allows to identify the ecological crisis as a result of the immanent expansion logic of capital and, for this reason , also characterize its overcoming as overcoming environmental obstacles to capital appreciation. This overcoming of the environmental crisis takes place concretely through ecologisms that, as an object of qualitative research, had their theoretical-propositional references critically analyzed, being separated into two main streams: a capitalist ecologism embodied in the proposals for sustainable development, energy efficiency, bioeconomy, market for environmental services, green capitalism; and a critical ecologism based on the defense of environmental justice, environmental rationality, Bem Viver. The analysis showed that the theoretical and purposeful model of overcoming the environmental crisis of capitalist ecologism is based on the deepening of the commodification of nature and, therefore, its insertion in the dynamics of value. Critical ecologism, even presenting itself as counter-hegemonic, does not advance in the sense of criticism that identifies in the production of value the determination for that expansive character of capital, circumscribing its critique to the horizon of the sociability of capital and being combined with the ecologization of capital . Due to their circumscriptions to capitalist sociability, ecologisms were the object of ontological criticism, which, by identifying the expansive logic in the production of value, allowed the understanding of the ecological crisis and its overcoming through the greening of capital. Expansive logic is verified at the abstract level of value production in the context of the social division of labor, determining that the increase in productivity should be imposed on producers. The same expansive logic determines the relationship between capital and the labor force in increasing the productivity of the most value and in the capitalist competition that is effective in the pursuit of extraordinary profit. The fetishism of the commodity is the element that allows the renewal of the expansive movement of capital. This expansive foundation increasingly incorporates nature to the dynamics of valuation until, as a result of accumulated contradictions, it becomes an obstacle to valuation. It is in this condition of obstacle that capital aims to overcome it. Since, overcoming for the capital, implies suppression and replacement of the contradictions in deeper levels, the overcoming of the environmental crisis implies in the deepening of the commodification of nature and not necessarily in the accomplishment of environmentally sustainable relations, but only the sustainability of the capital through from the combination of environmentally sustainable elements to other destructive ones, as verified in Marx's study on land rent. The Marxian framework makes it possible to understand the environmental crisis in a way analogous to the capital crisis in its tendency, which, even without derogating from the environmental crisis trend, does not allow us to predict the environmental death of capitalism. The greening of capital and the commodification of nature that it promotes would act as a contractendential element to the capital crisis, which, however, does not abolish the fundamental contradiction of capital which, given the determination to increase productivity, increasingly places the labor force in the condition of superfluous.