Avaliação do potencial de captação de água subterrânea em áreas rurais de municípios do Noroeste Fluminense

Abstract

The northwest region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, due to the natural characteristics of the region, presents a climate with a dry period of 4 to 6 months. The water deficiency of the municipalities is substantially increased due to the sharp rate of deforestation, land use and occupation with agricultural activities without sustainable management and high runoff. These aspects lead to a more expressive existence of temporary creeks and streams, with repercussions on the expressive decrease in the flow of the main rivers. That said, the present dissertation aimed to evaluate the potential for groundwater abstraction in rural areas of municipalities in the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro, where the demand is greater due to the activities developed and to indicate potential areas for drilling wells as an alternative to conventional supply systems. Water research was based on data integration: the environmental characterization of the study area, based on information associated with climate, morphology, vegetation, soils, hydrography, hydrogeology, land use and occupation. All these data obtained were combined, in a generalized way and not specific to the geological maps (types of rocks and structures) of the investigated municipalities. The geophysical methods Electric, Electromagnetic and Magnetometric were applied to obtain subsurface data in the locations indicated by the research as probable sources for water abstraction. The results of the integration of the set of elements confirmed the potential of these areas for drilling wells. A map was produced for the three municipalities, with georeferenced indication of locations conducive to capturing underground water resource for exploration purposes. The field activities also made it possible to visually identify and georeference the artesian wells present in the study areas and not registered in the Groundwater Information System (SIAGAS/CPRM), which may contribute to the management of water resources in the investigated municipalities and for future studies on underground water availability in the region.