Eficácia da hidroginástica sobre a capacidade funcional de idosas

Abstract

Introduction: Aging presents progressive losses in physiological, social and psychological functions and that interventions in health planning will be necessary to improve the functional autonomy of the elderly population. The Brazilian population has aged greatly in this first half of the 21st century and Rio de Janeiro reflects much of this change, since it has nine of the ten neighborhoods with the oldest in the country, and the neighborhood of Madureira, despite not being among the 9, is notecalled, as it has 65.9% of the aging rate and part of these elderly are attended to in the SESC with the supply of water aerobics and other physical activities. The objective of this dissertation was to verify the efficacy of water aerobics on the functional capacity of the old women. Method: The research was developed by two studies: (1) systematic review with meta-analysis (RSM) and (2) randomized controlled experiment (ECR). RSM was developed in April 2019, the wording met prima recommendations and used 9 databases to retrieve ECR; evaluated the methodological quality (Jadad) and risk of bias (Cochrane) of CRS; metanalyzed the results of functional capacity and evaluated the level of evidence (Grade) of the MSR. The CRF was performed at SESC/RJ- Madureira and the writing met the CONSORT recommendations The sample consisted of women aged between 60 and 94 years who were screened and three groups were formed: (1) recreational water aerobics group of SESC /RJ - Madureira (lP = 34); (2) experimental hydrogymnastics group (GHE = 35e (3) control group (CG= 30). The participants of the GHRP and GHE performed water aerobics twice a week and the functional capacity of the three groups was measured by the Senior Fitness Test battery before and 16 weeks after the water aerobics. The control group was inactive. The data were analyzed by a 3x2 ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test to identify the significant differences between and between the groups. Results: MSR recovered 887 studies, but only 5 CRS met the inclusion criteria and were inserted in the meta-analysis. Water gymnastics promoted an increase in resistance and muscle strength of the lower limbs and in the agility of the 165 old women of the (EG) compared to the 158 years of the (CG) and found no significant difference for resistance and strength of the upper limbs and for the extensibility of the posterior muscle chain. The ECR found an improvement in functional capacity in the GHE. The Bonferroni test showed that the GHE had significantly higher functional capacity gain than the GHRP and CG. Conclusion: Water aerobics can contribute to the increase of the general functional capacity of the old women, especially if considering the scientific principles of training in their planning.