Dos crimes sexuais aos crimes patriarcais: narrativas de violência contra a mulher no Jornal do Brasil e no Estado de S. Paulo – 1910 a 2010

Abstract

The dissertation analyzes the ways in which two major Brazilian newspapers built narratives about sexual crime against women over a hundred years: the Jornal do Brasil and O Estado de S. Paulo, between 1910 and 2010. The study is anchored in the following question: how was violence against women narrated by these papers within the listed period and why was it narrated that way? The theoretical problem starts from the dialogue of some conceptual frameworks considered as complementary and that cross the object: historicity, narrative, feminine/patriarchy. Methodologically, this is an interpretative research (RICOEUR, 1976), using primary documentary sources in the digital collections of the two papers and in the two Penal Codes in force in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The analysis consists of a sociohistorical dimension, combined with a textual analysis. The corpus, containing 740 texts, was assembled from a thematic cut, namely, journalistic content that cited terms related to sexual violence against women found by searching for keywords in the editions of both newspapers within the established time interval. At the end of the study, the notion of patriarchal crimes is presented as a replacement proposal for the expression sexual crime, due to the highly oppressive character that permeates such crimes. As a conclusion, the investigation points to a structural silencing of patriarchal violence in JB and Estadão, as well as to blame and disqualify the victims and the consequent minimization of the aggressors' responsibility. By acting in this way, newspapers contribute to the perpetuation of patriarchal logic. However, this conduct cannot be interpreted as an isolated practice of the press, but as an action that finds an echo in the social system itself.