Compostagem como redutor de gases do efeito estufa, uma alternativa à disposição de resíduos orgânicos em aterros sanitários

Abstract

Composting processes consists of controlled degradation of the organic fraction of solid waste in the presence of oxygen. With the use of composting techniques, the deposit of these residues in sanitary landfills is avoided or even they are emptied in inappropriate places, conducive to uncontrolled decomposition and generation of methane gas (CH4) contributing to the worsening of the greenhouse effect and climate change, in addition to attracting vectors, diseases and environmental degradation. The present study aims to measure the potential for reducing greenhouse gases - GHG, by surveying the amount of methane avoided when composting by a company that collects and processes waste from large generators using the technological route of composting. The survey was carried out using a CDM calculation tool that makes it possible to obtain carbon credits, considering the baseline as derived from the Santa Rosa landfill, located in Rio de Janeiro. The calculations were performed using data on the amount of waste composed by the company as a function of the emission factors defined in the methodological tool. It was a reduction of 22,062 tons of CO2eq, which represents 83% in relation to the victims from the CTR Seropédica landfill and a revenue of € 358,000.00. The results show that composting is an effective alternative for treating the organic portion of urban solid waste with low environmental impact and lower GHG emissions.