Esteróides anabólicos androgênicos e perfil lipídico em praticantes de treinamento com pesos: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of substances that include different types of synthetic derivatives of the hormone testosterone. These substances were originally synthesized for the purpose of treatment in different pathological conditions, such as: dysfunction of the reproductive system, breast cancer and various types of anemia. However, applications of these components are also identified for improving sports performance, increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat. The use of AAS has become more and more frequent, representing the most recent substance abuse in the world. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of anabolic androgenic steroids on the lipid profile. For that, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed online database, according to the PRISMA standard with the question formulated using the PICO strategy. A total of 1077 articles were found and after filtering 22 articles were selected for this systematic review, 17 articles in humans (N = 464) and 5 articles in animal model (N = 273). The result of the study points to a great effect (d = -1.7) of the use of AAS on the lipid profile, especially HDL, where 76% of studies in humans observed significant changes for this lipoprotein. According to the present study, the most prominent effects of the use of AAS fall on HDL, corroborating with several previous studies. The data in this study indicate that there are no safe doses of AAS, since even in individuals with high levels of this lipoprotein experienced drastic reductions to values below the clinical reference, and despite the adequate practice of physical exercises having a cardioprotective effect increasing the values of HDL, does not seem to be sufficient to mitigate the effects of using AAS on this lipoprotein.