Direito de recusa a trabalho perigoso/riscos graves e iminentes: paradoxos, obstáculos e apropriações em um centro cirúrgico hospitalar

Abstract

The Right to Refuse dangerous work/serious and imminent risks theme is presented as a central and fundamental axis on issues associated with workers' health and safety. Considering the complexities and contradictions that permeate the Right to Refuse theme in the service sector, the research sought to understand under what conditions this right may or may not be appropriate as a parameter in case of risk and dangerous work, and as a strategy for the management of a regional hospital located in the city of Itabira, Minas Gerais. The investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2019, in the Surgical Center of this hospital, following the activities of the Nurses Assistants, professionals responsible for the operational and administrative management of the sector. The approach aimed to identify the fields of possibilities of regulation of this population analyzed in face of the constraints established by the work organization, as a way of managing processes, environments, health and safety. The theoretical-methodological framework was based on the Ergonomic Work Analysis (AET) (WISNER; GUERIN; FALZON) and the Ergological Work approach (SCHWARTZ; CUNHA; MENDES), which privileges the understanding of the real work activity, recognizing the contributions of workers with their knowledge, skills and experiences as fundamental elements for the organization. and work management. The Right to Refuse dangerous work/serious and imminent risks is born as an instrument to be used in matters related to workers' health and safety. However, research has shown that the Right to Refuse can be more than a work management tool, which can become a work management and organization tool and strategy, reaching beyond the perspective of health and safety, expanding to the other variables of the universe of work. It was realized the importance of broadening the meaning of refusal at work, so it was essential to understand the manifestations of refusal in cases and episodes identified in the research field, which also revealed in the quality management of products and processes, the management of environment and social responsibility. Obstacles to the activation and appropriation of the refusal are varied, which demands regulations by the workers, causing distinct and diverse refusal manifestations, which adapt to the contexts, occurring even in the underground, that is, outside the established official limits by the organization of hospital work. The Right to Refuse becomes paradoxical, instead of serving, ends up doing a disservice. This refusal has a relative, situated power, endowed with a singularity that varies in time and space. It is relative to the context that is inserted, the category of work, the historical moment involved, the correlation of local forces, and the correlation of forces between capital and labor. But if you understand its potential, the Right to Refuse can help to improve the management and the various outcomes of work organization processes.