Segurança presente, passado e futuro: potencialidades e limitações de uma iniciativa no campo da segurança pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro entre 2014 e 2020

Abstract

The Programa Segurança Presente presents itself as an initiative in the area of public security which, in the expectation of its managers, constitutes an innovative model of policing articulated with social assistance. It focuses on reducing criminal indicators, increasing the sense of security and increasing economic and social development, creating safe environments in the areas of commerce, leisure and tourism. The study seeks to establish the origins of this project and its constitutive nature, problematizing the participation of private and personal resources without police investiture in operations, as well as the arrangement created to enable the enforce the law within the scope of a non-police institution. The empirical field was formed through a qualitative approach carried out in the operations Centro, Aterro and Ipanema Presente, through documental survey, field observation and in-depth interviews. Analyzes of program effectiveness were illustrated by the collection of quantitative data. Inputs and information produced were analyzed in a perspective compared to the Military Police of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The results showed that despite the favorable numbers released by the general coordination of the program, and the support shown by local leaders, there are vulnerabilities that require the elaboration and/or revision of a technical-doctrinal repertoire that informs the institutionalization of the processes that problematize and guide the selection, training and performance of professionals, in addition to drafting legislation and a strategic plan that details parameters for new implementations and program management. The policing verified is mainly presented by the bias of dissuation, with the proximity model being limited by the belief in a guardian always within reach of the citizen. The PSP is formally inscribed as a public policy through an action foreseen in the multi-year plan of the government of Rio de Janeiro, but in the operational plan it mainly unfolds as a policing strategy.