Identificação de áreas prioritárias para a regularização fundiária e contribuição ao plano de manejo do Parque Estadual do Mendanha (PEM) - RJ

Abstract

This present research aims to achieve an integrated analysis of spatial information produced by Gericinó-Mendanha maciço, elaborating a methodological model that points out the priority areas to landholding regularization in the Mendanha State Park (PEM), located in Rio de Janeiro State among Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita and Rio de Janeiro towns. The methodology consists of a detailed elaboration of simple and complex analytic mappings such as, sub-basins maps of Maciço Gericinó-Mendanha; Land Use map and Vegetal Cover; land minimum sizes Map and also the necessary stages to the elaboration of final analytic mappings being, the Environmental Fragility of Physical Environment Map; Social Vulnerability Map and Priority Areas to Landhold Regularization Map (APRF). In addition to the these products, a geospatial information portal was created (http://portalpem.16mb.com) to promote sharing and availability of cartographic products produced by the research. The main results show that PEM has around 76,7% of vegetal cover in good stage of conservation. In its zoning proposal, PEM can achieve 84,1% in its Preservation Zone of Wildlife, designed to ecosystems preservation indicating the high level of biodiversity found in the park. Related to its geomorphology, PEM shows relative balance between Convergent-Concave (15,48%), Convergent-Convex (25,58%), Divergent-Concave (34,77%) and Divergent-Convex (23,91%) forms being related to the type of dispersion and concentrator runoff found in Gericinó-Mendanha Maciço. Despite the large percentage of vegetal cover present in PEM, there is a huge environmental fragility all around the maçico area showing high values (36,96%) and higher values (29,06%). Policies such as reforestation in areas of abandoned pasture, sustainable agricultural practices (agroforestry and forestry), suitable soil management, monitoring of hiking trails, paths, illegal mineral extraction combat in full protection areas, burnings and wildfires monitoring, development of leisure activities are necessary to decrease the fragility scenario found in the area. Social vulnerability located in a 3 km range around the maciço points out that there is high vulnerability, especially in the NO and S portions because low HDI rates (longevity, education and income) and areas of subnormal clusters (favelas) are found. APRF map reports that the pressure and growth existing in the surrounding area of maciço must be contained in order to promote PEM conservation and its buffer zone (Environmental Protection Area of Gericinó-Mendanha). On the other hand, the central areas of the PEM, due to their positioning and difficulty to access, become less priority for land regularization at first. This research aims to demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration the Landholding Regularization as a basic element to management and monitoring of full protection areas, conservation units specifically, and also highlight computational tools support and Geographic Information Systems in environmental studies designed to APAGM and PEM focusing on landholding situation of nature conservation unit