Associação entre a gordura visceral e biomarcadores em militares do Exército Brasileiro

Abstract

The visceral adipose tissue, accumulated in the abdominal region, is directly related to insulin resistance (IR). Individuals who possess higher fat accumulation are considered to be at higher metabolic risk, which determines, in the overweight population, who would be more likely to have a cardiometabolic disease. Obesity prevalence, IR and Diabettes Melittus (DM) are increasing worl worldwide wide, and alongside several consequences for the population’s health and vast expenses to the government. However, in the Military, this data is insufficient. Looking forward to understanding this mechanism, this project analyzed the association among visceral fat (through DXA), laboratorial markers (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, HDL and cortisol) and the body composition (BMI and WC) in military members of the Brazilian Army, and it also compared two groups of individuals: non-obese and obese individuals. Subsequently, differences among the averages of variables were noticed. The present transversal analytic study was concluded from a sample, composed by military volunteers, meeting the eligible criteria. A total of 84 individuals completed the steps of the assessment. After that, two groups were formed: the Non-Obese group, composed by 59 military individuals (BMI<30), and the Obese group, formed by 25 military volunteers (BMI>=30). Both groups completed all the assessment steps. The Military volunteers were submitted to physical and biochemical anthropometric assessments. Following the Central Limit Theorem, a parametric analisis was applied through the Pearson Correlation Coefficient among the variables of the research and the t of Student, to compare both military groups with BMI<30 and BMI>=30. The processing and statistical analysis of the data were performed in the STATISTICA 12.0 statistic software. The significance levels used was 0,05. The visceral fat showed the most significant correlation coefficients with: FM (r=0,681); BMI (r=0,591); INSU (r=0,420). Other significant associations were found, but they were considered weak. There were differences among the averages and body composition when comparing the non-obese and obese groups, nevertheless, in the biochemical variables, only insulin and HOMA-IR showed significant change. Conclusion: in this group of military individuals, the visceral fat is significantly associated to a MG, INSU, GLI, HOMA-IR and COL. It was verified that the obese group only showed significant difference in the biochemical variables INSU and HOMA-IR. This validates the scientific findings that obesity results in insulin resistance, predisposing individuals to Diabettes Mellitus type 2.