Angústia e clínica psicológica: aproximações e distanciamentos nas psicologias existenciais

Abstract

The present study consists of an investigation of how anguish, as developed by Haufniensis, pseudonym of the Danish philosopher Sören Aaybe Kierkegaard (1813-1855), is understood in the existential perspectives in Psychology, the existential-humanist and the existential-phenomenological, for answer if whether the way they appropriate the notion of anguish has repercussions in their respective psychological clinics. Therefore, we dedicate, in a narrative review of the literature, on the way in which Haufniensis develops the concept of anguish in his work The concept of anguish (1844/2016), presenting elements that are related to this conception, such as the notion of freedom, possibility and instant. Subsequently, we present how Rollo May, an American psychologist who founded existential-humanistic psychology, understands the anguish under Kierkegaardian inspiration, in his book The Meaning of Anxiety (1980), clarifying elements related to this inspiration, such as the concepts of anguish healthy and neurotic anguish. In a third moment, we show how the psychological clinic in the phenomenological-existential and existential-humanistic perspectives appropriates anguish, presenting fragments of clinical situations to show, in the experience itself, how dealing with anguish shows itself in the clinical relationship. Finally, we intend to elucidate which are the approaches and distances in the way of understanding and acting in the face of anguish, in the psychological clinic of both perspectives that are called existential.