Políticas Públicas de Educação Infantil no município de Itaboraí – RJ: ampliação e acesso à creche

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the Public Policies of Early Childhood Education developed in the municipality of Itaboraí - Rio de Janeiro, in the period from 2013 to 2018, expansion of educational services in daycare and the universalization of pre-school. The policy circle formulated by Stephen Ball, and collaborators is the theoretical-methodological referential adopted by research. In this approach, the policy process is understood as a multifaceted and dialectical cycle to interpret it is fundamental to consider the different contexts and subjects involved. Ball, proposed a continuous cycle constituted of five contexts: of Influence of Text Production, of Practice, of the Results (effects) and of the Policy Strategy. The contexts of Text Production and Practice, has centrality in this research. It is analyzed the mode by the what political texts that dealing of the obligatoriness and of the universalisation at the pre-school stage are translated and reinterpreted into local policies, and what effects have caused in the attendance to daycare. Bibliographic and documentary research are methodological procedures used in the production of data - qualitative and quantitative - necessary the composition of the material of analysis. They were collected through the Statistics Synopses of Basic Education (INEP, 2013-2018) and municipal documents provided by the Municipal Secretariat of Education of Itaboraí/RJ. The data compiled seek to observe the policies developed in the municipality in question, front the fulfillment of the guarantee of the right to early childhood education expressed in educational legislation. The results show that the municipality expanded the service to early childhood education mainly through the rental of real estate in the city and the opening of classes in elementary schools. The expansion of enrollment prioritized pre-school in detriment of the vacancies of the daycare. The research conclued that the obligatoriness enrolment and frequency from the age of 4 years and the challenge posed to municipalities in terms of the universalization of pre-school education has contributed to that the deficit in educational services in daycare be large. Itaboraí-RJ still presents a rate of service far from the one established in Target 1 of the National Plan of Education, reaching percentages of 26.4% for daycare and 81.9% for pre-school.