Impacto da ingestão de farinha de jabuticaba em parâmetros metabólicos e na microbiota intestinal em modelo murino de obesidade

Abstract

The interaction between obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the gut microbiota has been studied in different fields of nutrition. Phenolic compounds intake has been reported to be beneficial due to the multiple biological effects in preventing the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, the present study evaluated the influence of jabuticaba peel and seed powder (JPSP) consumption in a murine model of diet-induced obesity on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota. Adult male mice (C57BL/6) were divided into 5 experimental groups (n = 16): control group, high-fat group (HF), and high-fat groups plus 5%, 10%, or 15% of JPSP in the diets (HF-J5, HF-J10, and HF-J15, respectively). After obesity induction (9 weeks) and intervention with JPSP (4 weeks), body mass, food intake, plasma biochemical parameters, liver remodeling, metabolism of phenolic compounds, and gut microbiota profile were evaluated. Treatment with 15% JPSP attenuated the animals' body mass gain. It was also observed that JPSP consumption promoted a significant improvement in metabolic parameters associated with obesity, such as inflammation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Besides, intervention with JPSP decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde and increased the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant activity in liver tissue. The consumption of JPSP promoted beneficial hepatic remodeling, with a lower percentage of fatty liver and less deposition of collagen fibers, possibly related to not only the reduction of liver mass and volume, as well as a lower concentration of hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol. The plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase demonstrated that JPSP consumption did not promote liver toxicity, even in its highest concentration. The determination of urinary metabolites derived from ellagic acid was an important marker of phenolic consumption, showing five metabolites derived from ellagic acid conjugated to glucuronic acid. Additionally, there was an antimicrobial effect and changes in microbial diversity, as well as a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, especially in groups that consumed 10% and 15% of JPSP. JPSP consumption was able to improve metabolic parameters related to obesity induced by a high-fat diet and its associated comorbidities. Such findings may be related to the change in the gut microbiota community, promoting local and systemic effects, being consistent with the protection of changes in the metabolic parameters of obesity.