Política de financiamento da Educação Infantil em cinco municípios fluminenses

Abstract

This dissertation analyses different modalities of financing for early childhood education in five fluminense municipalities: Duque de Caxias, Itaboraí, Niterói, Nova Iguaçu and Quatis. Observe the possible developments in municipal public policies regarding the expansion of enrollment, impasses and advances in educational funding for the 0-3 age group. In the first part, it uses current legislation and historical milestones to elucidate public financing policies through document analysis. The methodology adopted seeks to understand the registration data and accounting records of the resources used by municipalities, between 2013 and 2016. The documents analyzed were: (i) Information System on Public Budgets in Education (SIOPE / FNDE) and (ii) Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and Valorization of Education Professionals (FUNDEB), as well as quantitative data provided Educacenso System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Concerning bibliographic research, the theoretical basis was sought in the analysis of researchers in the area of educational policy and education funding. The consultations made it possible to know the extent and form of coverage and financing of national and municipal public early childhood education, as well as the effect of the implementation of Law 12.796 / 2013, in each municipality. The results indicate that the compulsory and universalization of early childhood education (pre-school), from 2016, had the following impacts on local policies: (i) Duque de Caxias had a 7% reduction of in daycare enrollment and 27% increase in pre-school enrollment; (ii) Itaboraí reduced daycare enrollment by 5% and increased pre-school enrollment by 18%; (iii) Niterói had a positive impact for daycare modality with a 46% increase in enrollment, showing that it was against Law 12.796 / 2013 and a 13% increase in pre-school enrollments; (iv) Nova Iguaçu reduced the number of daycare enrollments by 40%, increasing pre-school supply by 34% and (v) Quatis reduced daycare enrollment by 27% and increased pre-school supply by 44% of enrollment in this modality.