Trocas afetivas em contexto de interação mãe-bebê e metas maternas de socialização emocional

Abstract

Affective mother-baby exchanges are relevant phenomena for early development, establishing themselves in the context of social interaction. Mothers of babies have emotional socialization goals for their children, reflecting current models in their socio-cultural environment, which may impact the dyad's emotional exchanges. To investigate affective exchanges and attempts at these exchanges in mother-baby interactions, maternal emotional socialization goals and associations in these domains, this thesis was based on the evolutionary and socio-cultural approaches to development. After a pilot study, data collection was carried out at home, subject to the signing of the Free and Informed Consent Form and the Authorization for the use of video images. Twenty dyads participated: babies of both sexes, two / three months of age, considered healthy, born at term, primiparous mothers, Brazilian, living with parents of the babies. Instruments were applied (Identification Form; Sociodemographic Data Form), semi-structured interview on maternal emotional socialization goals for late childhood and adulthood (children), free observation of mothers and babies, twenty minutes, recorded on video. Descriptive statistics was used to report sociodemographic data. Categories for the analysis of the videos were pre-defined and descriptive statistical measures were calculated for the variables of interest (attempts / exchanges). Attempts and exchanges were characterized as to frequency, agent of the initiative, occurrence of emotional expressions of the baby; maternal affective behaviors; changes in the number of shifts; promoter manifestation. For answers to the interviews, a qualitative analysis was carried out, guided by the content analysis of L. Bardin. After defining categories and categorizing the material, enunciation frequencies were calculated for each category. Emotional characteristics desired by mothers for their children in two moments (late childhood / adulthood) were contrasted using the Wilcoxon test. To analyze maternal performance to develop desired characteristics, percentages were calculated; Spearman's correlation test was applied to relate emotional socialization goals with characteristics of affective exchanges. Results indicated expressive frequencies for the average of attempts (fourteen) and exchanges (six) per dyad, complexity of the exchanges in terms of the number of shifts according to the literature, with the mother usually being the promoting agent (of exchanges and attempts), using most sometimes speech addressed to the baby. The babies' emotional expression prevalent in the exchanges was smile and maternal behavior was speech. Mothers' goals indicated the valorization of autonomy, which would be achieved through close relationships. The results did not indicate significant differences in the comparison of the desired for the two moments, nor association between maternal goals and characteristics of the analyzed exchanges. It is believed that this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mother-baby affective exchanges in the studied socio-cultural context and promotes new studies that expand the knowledge of the interactional mechanisms in the initial development.