Segregação socioespacial nas cidades pequenas e médias: um estudo de caso do Vale do Paraíba Fluminense

Abstract

Social inequalities and the process of segregation researched in the metropolises of Brazil, but small and medium-sized cities also have these phenomena in their territories. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, several municipalities influenced by the recent increase in recent industrial activities. In the south of the state, the cities of the Paraíba Fluminense Valley underwent several transformations due to the implantation of automotive factories in their territory that began with Volkswagen in 1996. Therefore, this work aims to discuss the patterns of socio-spatial segregation driven by territorial changes that took place between 2000 and 2010 in the Paraíba Fluminense Valley micro-region. To achieve these objectives, data from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses, information on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 2002 and 2010 and data from the Annual Social Information List - RAIS of 2000 and 2010 was used. The variables chosen in this research they were income, color / race and education, because much of the literature about segregation used these three categories. To understand the relationship of the state of Rio de Janeiro with the study area, as well as the segregation between municipalities and the segregation within municipalities, different geographical scales were used. The results obtained indicate that there issegregation in the municipalities that make up the Paraíba Fluminense Valley, mainly in relation to the wealthiest people and those with a higher educational level. It has also been possible to verify that there is a relationship between industrial activity and the segregation of people with higher incomes. Finally, the segregation within municipalities was described using local indicators that demonstrated how the urban areas of Resende, Barra Mansa and Volta Redonda play a major role in the segregation of the micro-region.