A legitimidade da violência como instrumento de ação política: terrorismo e o Estado Islâmico no Iraque e al-Shām

Abstract

The thesis departs from the concept of the state as the pretender of a monopoly on the legitimate use of force in a given territory, and of the a priori delegitimization of the use of violence as political instrument, to discuss guerrilla and terrorism as political tactics that mobilize violence. It relies on the consequentialism theory, to seek justifications that can politically legitimize violence; and in just war theory, which links the right to war to their just causes, and create norms for conduct in war. This theoretical scope guides the analysis of political violence according to its causes, means and ends. Subsequently, understanding both guerrillas and terrorism as violent tactics, the peculiar features to each of them are discussed, showing that they are not the same phenomenon. Finally, it analyses the Islamic State on their causes, means and ends. Finally, an analysis of the Islamic State regarding its cause, means and fins is made.