Impactos da crise hídrica 2014-2016 sobre os principais usuários do Sistema Hidráulico das Bacias dos rios Paraíba do Sul e Guandu

Abstract

The Paraíba do Sul River Basin experienced an unprecedented water crisis between 2014 and 2016. It is a strategic basin on the national scene, not only for activities in the basin itself, but also for supplying over 90% of the Rio de Janeiro metropolis. January and reinforce the supply of the São Paulo metropolis, both located outside the basin limits. This paper aims to identify and systematize the impacts of the 2014-2016 water crisis on the main user sectors of the Paraíba do Sul and Guandu rivers, which are regularized by the Paraíba do Sul-Guandu Hydraulic System. The GTAOH / CEIVAP meeting records, questionnaires, available official database information, power generation information from the basin's hydroelectric plants, as well as reports from official agencies, articles and scientific texts on the project were used. subject matter. It was found that this drought generated a water crisis with significant negative impacts on users of the Paraíba do Sul and Guandu rivers. Several impacts were identified in the public supply sector, quantified the reduction of energy produced and pointed out the impacts that occurred in the industries located at the mouth of the Guandu River, due to saline intrusion. It was also evidenced that the emergency actions undertaken were effective to minimize impacts and even to avoid the shortage of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolis. Above all, it has become evident that it is necessary to create a proactive drought management logic in order to move from crisis management to risk management practices.