Análise dos sistemas de drenagem das águas pluviais e proposta de soluções para regiões críticas de alagamentos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Currently, it is possible to observe extreme events that are more and more frequent in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Due to the various contributing factors, population growth and flaws in urban planning stand out, which, consequently, are associated with changes in the hydrographic basin and its components. Considering the above, the research begins with a bibliographic review of relevant and pertinent themes to the subject addressed, in which a theoretical foundation was developed based on the presented problem. In a preliminary way, we sought to analyze the behavior of the flood dampening systems implemented in Praça da Bandeira, Praça Niterói and Praça Varnhagen, in Tijuca. In this scope, even though the flood reservoirs have been shown to mitigate the problems experienced by the population of the area in question, it was possible to notice the occurrence of flooding and flooding episodes even after the beginning of the operation of the mentioned systems. Therefore, through a survey in newspapers and local information sources, some of the most relevant events between the years 2008 and 2019 have been compiled. As part of the research, the current condition of the runoff in the region was analyzed through hydrological studies, based on rainfall data of critical events from the Alerta Rio System, data on land use and occupation, and other relevant information. Then, with the aid of the Excel program and the use of the Data Analysis tool, statistical calculations were performed that proved an average correlation between the parameters used. In addition, average rainfall forecasts until the year 2030 were developed and some project risks were scored. At the end, products from this dissertation were presented. First, a risk criterion was adapted through the elaboration of vulnerability maps and, after evaluating the existing Municipal Contingency Plan, an Emergency Action Plan Prototype was developed for the region, estimating a range of degree of vulnerability and presenting some solutions complementary by means of a Strategic Planning illustrated by a Flowchart. Finally, the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan of Rio de Janeiro was analyzed, resulting in a Technical Opinion that evaluated the Plan in a document that contemplates in a moderate way the expected content, and it may be necessary to anticipate its review to incorporate the missing content. As a result, there was a need to combine the structural measures implemented in the region with non-structural measures, in addition to considering new studies for the readjustment of project turnaround times. Such studies should observe the requirements for the execution of the work and the dimensions of the damping systems, since the area under analysis has its urbanization consolidated.