Da “guerra” no Complexo do Alemão (2007) ao programa de “pacificação” (2008/2009): uma análise dos discursos sobre ações policiais em algumas favelas cariocas

Abstract

The central question of this thesis is the analysis of discourses on police actions in some slums, considering two specific periods. The first refers to 2007 and focuses on the speeches that were based on a perception that the city lived in a "war" against drug trafficking located in the slums of Complexos do Alemão e da Penha, in order to reduce crime rates in the city. The second refers to the discourses around the police actions carried out in the favela Santa Marta (and then in the City of God), in late 2008 and in 2009, which were themed as a new model of occupation that should bring "peace" and profusion of social services to these locations. This research is eminently documentary. The main source was the press, although other resources have also been mobilized and employed. The methodology that permeates all the research is speech analysis. The theoretical references used for the analysis of the investigated sources and production questions about them are interdisciplinary. Thus, the theoretical framework is composed by: the linguistic (discourse analysis), the anthropology of the state, the history and the sociology. The main lines that are the result of this research can be presented synoptically in four analytical proposals: The first refers to the historical construction of the discourses on police actions in the slums mentioned. It postulates that there are not only discursive discontinuities between "war" and "peace", but also permanence that contributes to reference these police actions, in those periods. The second is related to the social representations of Rio de Janeiro's favelas. Thus, based on the period in reference and from information collected in the investigated media, It can be seen that the government speeches’ activates the specificities of each favela researched to propose forms of specific police interventions. The third refers to the speeches of government officials who were selected and published in the surveyed media. it is shown how such discourses were formed from the conjunctural conditions, as well as incorporating, in some measure, the social pressures. Thus, these are not speeches that merely imposed a government strategy model to implement police actions. They had, therefore, that dialogue with the conjunctural conditions and society. The last is connected with the political activity of the press. It is presented that the media, to organize social perception, end up giving more value to some voices over others. In addition, it is argued that the press, to propose a form of selection and framing of news, gives a specific orientation (conduction) to these police actions, acting thus as a kind of political actor.