Abordagens teóricas da Pesquisa-ação Participativa em Saúde: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

The present study consists of a scope review that seeks, in addition to mapping the main concepts taken as the foundation of a certain area of knowledge, examine the extent and nature of the investigation, summarizing and disseminating the data, identifying the presence of possible gaps in the production of the knowledge. It had as object of study the theoretical and conceptual bases that underlie Brazilian studies of participatory action research in health, focusing on Social Participation. The objectives of the study were: To know the theoretical and conceptual bases that underlie Brazilian studies of participatory action research in health, considering the historical and political debate on social participation in Brazil; Describing the theoretical and conceptual bases that underlie participatory action research studies in health, from 1988 (landmark of legal recognition of Social Participation in the Brazilian Constitution) to 2018; Analyzing the concepts and theories of participatory action research in health that emerge from these studies and; Discussing such concepts and theories of participatory action research in health considering their relationship with the meanings of social participation in historical and political contexts in Brazil. From the definition and application of the search strategy in the databases, 2249 studies were found and from these, 192 comprised the research corpus, among scientific articles, theses and dissertations and a book. By characterizing the studies it was identified that there was a growing increase of studies that used participatory action research in health over the surveyed period. The corpus analysis showed diversity regarding the scenarios, participants, regions of the country in which they were developed, as well as the methodological strategies used in the studies for the development of the selected methodological approach. The participation of nursing in the proposition of studies of this nature was highlighted, with more than 56% of the researches. The exhaustive reading of the studies made it possible to understand that Brazilian researchers recognize in participatory action research in health a tool that has as its principles the participation of all the subjects involved, the action and the collective construction of knowledge, in order to promote the transformation of health. situations and processes in daily health. It was observed that the conception of the research approach with political focus, with potential to contribute to the social participation exists, but needs to be better explored.