Produção do conhecimento sobre burnout em trabalhadores de saúde mental: revisão integrativa

Abstract

This master's dissertation has as its object "The burnout syndrome in mental health workers and the risk and preventive factors involved". The objectives of the study are: to analyze the production of knowledge about burnout syndrome’s occurrence in mental health workers and the risk and preventive factors involved. The Integrative review method was chosen, based on the Virtual Health Library and the respective databases (LILACS; BDENF and IBECS); Scientific Electronic Library Online, Capes/MEC Journals; and MEDLINE database, from December 2nd to 15th, 2019. The search limits were: papers published between 2009 and 2019, in Spanish, English and Portuguese. Inclusion criteria: addressing the prevalence, risk and preventive factors related to burnout syndrome. Theses, dissertations, monographs and case studies were excluded. The descriptors used were: Psychological Exhaustion; Health Personnel; Mental Health Services, their synonyms and their corresponding English counterparts. The results showed that all studies are quantitative, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was the most used questionnaire. Regarding production, initially 997 studies were identified, however, when applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 studies were obtained, which, after analyzed, showed that the prevalence of burnout syndrome in mental health workers is low. Among the risk factors for the occurrence of the syndrome, individual, social and organizational factors must be considered. Nevertheless, organizational constructs showed a more direct association with the syndrome, due to factors such as organizational support, control, participation in decisions, social support and lack of feedback and rewards. As for preventive aspects, the results showed that, when applied, interventions can work as protective measures to workers' health, among them: interventions in the organization and in the work process; educational activities on the theme; Coping strategies; social support (management and peers); and rewards/recognition. Such strategies, when applied, bring significant benefits to the quality of care and the health of the worker due to job satisfaction and motivation. It is concluded that the integrative review contributed to the identification and synthesis of contemporary studies on the burnout syndrome. Such studies will support analysis and discussion of other studies, envisioning the expansion of knowledge about the theme. Further research is needed because the incipience of studies in mental health has become evident. It is suggested that these studies use other mental health fields and deepen the discussion on psychosocial and organizational aspects. It is necessary to expand the discussion on interventions in the psychosocial work environment as a strategy to minimize emotional exhaustion and burnout syndrome.