A campanha pela reparação: as associações de trabalhadores e militares pela anistia

Abstract

Although the approval of the 1979 Amnesty Law (law number 6,683) allowed the exiles to return and the release of the majority of political prisoners from the military regime, a great achievement stemming from the Amnesty Campaign, the political reopening kept two major liabilities: 1) impunity for crimes and human rights violations committed by the State, and 2) the exclusion of workers and military personnel and from the amnesty legal terms. As for this second absense, grows the social and political movement at the end of the 1970s to include groups excluded, or not explicitly included, by the legal law. A political campaign is formed, led by workers and military who organize themselves around the production of a pecuniary production, in response to the years of damage caused by the persecution of the dictatorship. The present dissertation aims to analyze a trajectory of the workers' and military associations disbanded by the military dictatorship of 1964, in their political action in search for leading the construction of amnesty laws and policies based on the terms of the 1979 Law. The trajectory of these groups comprises a long historical period, which begins in the process of “political distension” during the government of General Ernesto Geisel (1975-1979), and extends to the present day. The dissertation, therefore, investigates this long process starting from the initial moments of the campaign for the amnesty, in the middle of 1975, until the edition of Law No. 10,559 of 2002, creator of the Amnesty Commission. In order to understand this process, we adopted an approach anchored in the sum of the theoretical propositions identified by neoinstitutionalism, with the theories coming from French pragmatic sociology. Thus, a research undertook an analysis that investigates how the discursive formulations of these associations influenced the institutionalization of amnesty policies and legislation, and consequently, how these legal frameworks engender the structuring of these same groups. The dissertation is organized in three chapters, divided chronologically according to the “waves of institutionalization”, the first comprises the end of the 1970s, the second the 1980s and the lobby in the Constituent Assembly, and the third the campaign for the campaign second pecuniary. Finally, I offer in the final remarks a brief reflection on the characterization of amnesty as a reparatory policy.