Governança local de águas pluviais baseada no desenho e desenvolvimento urbano de baixo impacto (LIUDD): proposição de um modelo conceitual para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The conflicts of competence in the management of water resources in Brazil have brought great damage to the elaboration of national, regional, or local public policies, given the explicit lack of definition of the areas of action (geographical and political) of each entity of the federation. This work seeks a perception on the management of rainwater directly linked to historical issues, configuring a true line of space-time capable of demonstrating the influence of ancient societies on management models in conquered territories, as well as verifying that this behavior is replicated until nowadays. The environmental dimension on urban drainage issues surpassed the exclusively sanitary approach of the past and started to include issues such as: the requalification of public spaces, the control of land use and occupation, the maintenance of open spaces, and to consider the need to preservation of natural landscape elements and democratic participation in the administration of the common good. Cities must rescue their local political attributions, improve existing pieces of legislation, and create new ones, capable of accrediting them in the elaboration of urban and environmental agendas, which prioritize sustainable management of rainwater and social inclusion as a management instrument. This work sought to present a proposal for the management of rainwater for the city of Rio de Janeiro with the possibility of replicating it to other cities with similar geomorphological or socio-environmental characteristics. From the identification of a geographic area in the city – Ilha do Governador – it was possible to elaborate a proposal for the local management of rainwater under the concept of Low Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) , taking into account: the potential assets identified, the exercise of local governance, remote monitoring and legal adequacy, as well as the effective adherence to the established in the National Policies of Basic Sanitation and Management of Water Resources. The results made it possible to ensure the social relevance of this work, in addition to highlighting the possibility of expanding the choices of rainwater management models, capable of directing public policies with low-cost, low-impact, social inclusion and sustainable management alternatives, capable of incentivizing the change in focus on urban drainage, from a “problem” to an “opportunity”.