A economia política da estratégia industrial no Leste Asiático: relações Estado-Empresariado, desenvolvimento e emparelhamento tecnológico nos casos de Taiwan, Coreia do Sul e China

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of interlocution between political actors, the institutional design of the productive regimes and “policies”, as well as the geopolitical factors that allowed Taiwan, South Korea and especially China to rise economically, achieving their respective structural transformations. As our secondary objective, I will also examine the similarities and differences between the three national cases. This study, therefore, will be built employing a qualitative, descriptive and comparative methodology. Likewise, it will take place through a theoretical-analytical framework of developmentalist nature, amalgamating the dimensions: of a deliberate project or strategy in which the nation is as its epicenter; a conscious State intervention to make such effort feasible; and industrialization as an inexorable conduit to technical and technological progress. The constitutive literature of this framework covers: that of mercantilists or “pre-discipline developmentalists”; that of the Development Economics of the post-war period; ECLAC’s Structuralism; and, finally, that of the East Asian Developmental State (EADS), which emerged in the 1980s. The time frames of the different cases, roughly speaking, will comprise their cycles of high growth and catching-up, departing from paradigms of agrarian predominance to another of modern industrial powers.