Reconhecendo o medo como elemento fundamental na interação da mulher com a gravidez e o parto: perspectivas para o cuidado da enfermeira

Abstract

This study aims to: Identify the factors that generate fear of childbirth for primiparous and primiparous women before and after childbirth; To analyze the meaning of fear of childbirth for primiparous and primiparous women and their influence on the experience of normal childbirth. The study belongs to the project entitled "Recognizing the fear with key element in the woman's interaction with pregnancy and childbirth: perspectives for the care of a nurse" .I conducted the studythrough a qualitative descriptive approach using the Grounded Theory (GT), in view of the symbolic interaction. The survey was conducted at the Naval Hospital Marcilio Dias, who has an outpatient clinic of obstetrics, obstetric surgical center and emergency obstetric, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The population consisted of 26 primiparous pregnant women in 10 women antenatal clinic and 16 after delivery in the rooming. They were excluded, the multigravidae and gilts, which had no emergency delivery time for labor, and / or elective cesarean section. The study data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview guide and were recorded in the period from March to July 2019, from the consent of the interviewee, considering the requirements of Resolution 510/2016. After analyzing the data in the period before parturition arose 3 categories: Fearing delivery; Feeling fear; Reflecting on pregnancy, identified the central category Recognizing that fear ends up determining their choices in childbirth. In the analysis of the period after delivery came three categories: Reflecting on labor; Recognizing fear and having to deal with it; Realizing care in labor, identified the central category Recognizing that had to deal with fear in childbirth experience. From the junction of the two central categories, originated a new core category: Recognizing fear as a central element in the labor relationship and the pregnancy. Expresses the idea that the woman realizes that existing fears about labor are only discovered by her during the pregnancy. Realize that these fears discovered, in fact, result from their relationship with their environment and with their own body or herself. Finally, recognize that their decisions about giving birth so are taken as a result of these fears. This study examined and analyzed fear of childbirth as influencing the participation of pregnant women at delivery, in order to contribute to the development of effective means and methods, such as non-invasive technologies for nursing care, to help them and leaving prepared for labor and postpartum. Expresses the idea that the woman realizes that existing fears about labor are only discovered by her during the pregnancy.