Kant e Fichte sobre a paz perpétua

Abstract

This dissertation focuses, systematically, on the problem of perpetual peace in the legal-political philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and its developments in the practical political philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814). Not ignoring the complexity and the different attitudes adopted by both on the theme throughout their production – which is more evident in Fichte – we chose to privilege a scope in which this relationship is shown more clearly. As a result, we chose as a guiding thread the thesis, consolidated by Kant and adopted by Fichte, that the establishment of peace in international relations depends on the existence of a supra-state legal order. From the analysis of the cosmopolitanism defended by Kant in Idea of a universal history from a cosmopolitan point of view (1784) and Perpetual Peace (1795), we will analyze the unfolding of these works in “[Review of] Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch” (1796) and Foundation of Natural Right According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre (1796-97), both from Fichte. At the end of our exhibition, it should be clear the innovations brought by Fichte and the alignment og the authors on the subject.