Múltiplas conexões: a presença intermidiática do cordel no Romance de Dom Pantero, de Ariano Suassuna

Abstract

Cordel Literature lacks systematic studies to match its artistic and literary content. In order to change this situation and give greater visibility to this poetics, it was decided to study an author and defender of Northeastern culture who produced several artistic productions from a stigmatized literature in literary compendia and literary historiography: Ariano Suassuna. The author designed his work from the popular Northeastern culture, but it was in the compositional hybridism of Cordel Literature, with its multiple references and combinations, that he found themes, stories, characters that gave him the basis to elaborate a singular artistic-literary project. In his last literary production, O Romance de Dom Pantero no Palco dos Pecadores, it was possible to verify the author's intimacy with cordel. In this novel, the author created a cordelistic narrative, leaving traces that allow the reader to visualize the oral, written and visual materiality that are entangled in this fabric. For these biases, the intermedial construction of the novel was studied from the media that compose it: the illuminations, engravings, the rhythmic and musical sonority, an entire heteroclite composition that demands palimpsestic readings.To follow this complex and sometimes enigmatic path, some theorists such as Câmara Cascudo (2006, 2005) were consulted with their approaches to folklore and popular poetry, as well as artistic productions carried out by indigenous and Africans even before colonization; Isaura Rodrigues-Pinto (2015, 2013, 2001) to understand the memories and cultural interactions recorded in the Brazilian cordel; Walter Benjamin (1985, 2015) highlighting the value of the narrator of oral tradition and also the updating of the arts when they start to be reproduced; Paul Zumthor (1983, 2014, 2005), with theories related to voice and performance aspects of a vocalized and/or written text; Müller (2012), proving the media bias of Cordel Literature and the novel under analysis; Clüver (2007), resignifying the arts as media and analyzing the interrelationships caused between these media in the fabric of the text; Rajewsky (2012), presenting the subcategorizations of the media and allowing the visualization of the cordel in the novel; Ribas (2017, 2018) approaching intermedia studies as an analysis methodology for the novel; Martoni (2018, 2020) and Gumbrecht (2010) collaborating in the observation of the effects of presence caused by the insertion of certain media in the narrative and, finally, some researchers who helped to understand the armorial poetics and the Suassunian multiverse such as Vassalo (1993), Simões (2016), Santos (2009) and Rodrigues (2015). It was concluded that the materiality of the cordel and its reverberation in the Suassunian novel add multiple meanings, in addition to interfering in its material and content configuration and in the way of reading it. The Romance de Dom Pantero is, therefore, a work that stimulates the visibility of Cordel Literature and demands intermedial approaches.