Epidemia de Febre Amarela no Estado do Rio de Janeiro entre 2017 e 2018: correlação entre padrão espacial dos casos e da cobertura vacinal

Abstract

In recent years we have observed the emergence and reemergence of some diseases in different countries and territories of the Americas, including Brazil, highlighting in this study, Yellow Fever. The outbreak of yellow fever in the southeastern region of Brazil in 2017, and the occurrence of monkey deaths with laboratory confirmation of yellow fever virus infection in other states, brought again the discussion of the need to adopt measures to reduce risk of disease reurbanization. This study aimed to analyze the spatial correlation of vaccination coverage in relation to cases of yellow fever in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Ecological, descriptive study, based on secondary data from information systems - Notification / Investigation Disease Information System (SINAN) and APIWEB. The study scenario was the State of Rio de Janeiro, located in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The chosen period to be studied was 2017 and 2018, the period in which the Yellow Fever outbreak occurred in Brazil, especially in the aforementioned region. All cases reported / confirmed as Yellow Fever in SINAN were included, as well as data from APIWEB © vaccinates, and unfilled and ignored fields were excluded. The variables used were number of confirmed cases, gender, age group, race / color, education, case evolution, vaccinated and clinical data. Thematic maps were constructed by municipalities for the spatial analysis of the incidence of yellow fever cases and population vaccination coverage. The univariate bivariate Local and Global Moran index was calculated using the GeoDA software, which assumed that the absence of spatial autocorrelation of vaccine coverage and the incidence of Yellow Fever, with a significance of 5%, was null. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), under Opinion No. 3.450.227, approved on July 11, 2019. Results: Yellow Fever struck more males, white, over 60 years of age. Being vaccinated is a protective factor for both hospitalization and death of confirmed cases of the disease. The municipalities that maintained the highest vaccination coverage in the state during the study period were Casimiro de Abreu and Comendador Levy Gasparian and those with the highest incidence were Rio das Flores and Sumidouro. The municipality with the highest incidence in relation to vaccination coverage (2008 - 2018) was Duas Barras. Conclusions: This research provides important data that help in understanding the spatial diffusion of Yellow Fever in the State of Rio de Janeiro during an outbreak period, which can be easily used as a model for conducting research on other diseases.