O uso da bioimpedância elétrica como possível ferramenta de avaliação do treinamento em atletas de futebol

Abstract

Coaches and technical committee in general use different evaluation methods that can be used to control and monitor the different stages of physicist training, in a way that makes it possible to estimate possible changes in the general physical condition of an athlete. Within these measures, the performance of blood collections has several obstacles, since the collection procedure requires specialized professionals, laboratory equipment for processing and storage of the collected material and causes a lot of discomfort when successive collections are necessary. This dissertation proposes as an alternative the use of bioimpedance measurements as a non-invasive alternative. Being a relatively more practical and faster method, this method has a potential application for monitoring physical performance in athletes. Bioimpedance measurement is closely associated with the observation of hydration status and body composition. On the other hand, other measures such as phase angle and bioimpedance vectors (BIVA) can provide additional physiologically relevant information. The phase angle is defined as the geometric angular transformation of the ratio between reactance (resistive capacitance of cell membranes) and resistance (pure opposition of the biological conductor to the electrical current) that body tissues offer to the passage of low-intensity electrical current. BIVA, in turn, allows us to assess the relationship between hydration states and cell mass over a period of time. This study aims to observe the behavior of the phase angle and BIVA before and after three months of physical training in soccer athletes and to compare these measurements with the parameters of the Bangsbo Sprint Test physical test in professional soccer athletes. The results show that the improvement in physical performance obtained with physical training promoted an improvement in the phase angle, pointing to an improvement in the cellular hydration status of the participants, the BIVA data complementarily show an improvement in cell mass and intramuscular water components (directly corroborated by BIA).