Perspectiva temporal e status socioeconômico de pessoas vivendo com HIV: impactos sobre a avaliação da qualidade de vida em contexto de cronicidade da epidemia

Abstract

Quality of life has become a prominent issue in the history of HIV and AIDS after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the consequent drop in mortality. Several issues interfere in the quality of life of this group, such as socioeconomic conditions, difficulties in accessing health services, psychosocial challenges, and also the perception of time. The general aim was the analysis of the established relations between quality of life and time perspective of people living with HIV. It is a descriptive, quantitative study with 281 people living with HIV. Data acquiring was performed in four health services, using the socioeconomic and clinical data instrument, WHOQOL-HIV bref and Zimbardo Temporary Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). The data analysis took place through descriptive and inferential statistics; for the time perspective, analyzes of psychometric measurement of the instrument were carried out, proposing a short version. Subsequently, regression analyzes were performed to identify the contribution of the time perspective in determining the quality of life. The results suggested majority of males, aged between 39 and 59 years; with secondary educational level (57.6%), heterosexual (51.2%) and antiretroviral users (94.3%). Most of the aspects of quality of life were evaluated positively, the psychological domain presented higher average and the environment the smallest. The short version of the ZTPI, proposed in this study, presented psychometric evidence of adequacy and it was used for subsequent analysis. The analysis of the temporal perspective showed that the participants have a higher score of future and lower present-hedonist. The regression analyzes implies that, in association with other variables, the time perspective determines the quality of life in all domains: the future and the past-negative influence the physical and level of independence domains; the future, the past-negative and the past-positive influence the psychological and environmental domains; the future and the past-positive influence the social relations domain and the past-negative influences the spirituality, religion and personal beliefs domain. These results indicate the influence of the perception of time over the quality of life evaluation, especially of the past and future, confirming the thesis that the psychosocial construct of the time perspective interferes in the self-evaluation of the quality of life of people living with HIV, modulating the comprehension of ways of living and facing the HIV positive.