A coerência de políticas na cooperação para o desenvolvimento: olhares cruzados Brasil- França no campo da segurança alimentar e nutricional

Abstract

This dissertation aims to study the coherence between the policies of International Cooperation in Food Security in Brazil and France, to understand whether, how and why national tensions between public and private interests produce political incoherence in the field of international cooperation in food security? Based on the assumption that the policy is a continuum from the local/national to the international/global, we argue that the cooperation policies in Food Security reproduce externally the internal tensions between public and private interests present in the national models of rural-agricultural development and in the field of food production. Thus, taking as a starting point the Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) strategy developed by France, considered an ideal type of narrative and practices originated in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD, we make a comparative analysis to seek elements of inconsistency. The comparative analysis lays the foundations for a critical perception of the limits and contradictions present in PCD practices, which must also be considered in regard to the problems of SSC. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into two parts, each with two chapters. In the first part, we discuss the theoretical and conceptual dimension of the fields of ICD and Food Security, in the light of the critical CPD literature. In the second part, we bring an analytical and comparative dimension of the cases, in two areas: one focusing on the national processes of historical development of the land structure and rural development, and the other, on the international processes of the constitution of the Food Security cooperation agenda. At the end, we make an analysis of the models in the light of the dimensions of criticism found in the literature. According to the analysis carried out, it was possible to conclude that the State acted in both cases as an organizer of the interests of internal class fractions, transporting such interests to cooperation policies, generating, in consequence, inconsistencies in cooperation practices. We could also see that there is a structural component at the origin of the ICD which produces inconsistencies: the unequal distribution of power in the international sphere. Thus, we make a more critical analysis of the literature shedding light on the limitations of a theory based on the reality of the North, which has not yet been appropriated by the Brazilian literature. Finally, we suggest a “possibilist” approach, capable of bringing new solutions to the field through the oxygenation of literature from experiences in countries in the South.